package tiny_languages
Small languages from scratch: Scheme, Lisp, Smalltalk-80, Pascal, BASIC, JavaScript, HTML, CSS and more
Install
dune-project
Dependency
Authors
Maintainers
Sources
0.3.6.tar.gz
md5=7c636383d146d30ac6f2fa234a6253c8
sha512=c79f3823c5f8f57e5038eb640d487c61168b84aa07c61999d6622ef9fd0c890e2b03b4c6a7cdbbe9352a49e25dda00ac7bb14693cee8e3d7beeed251351a2af0
doc/src/tiny_languages.smalltalk/St_kernel.ml.html
Source file St_kernel.ml
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3822 3823 3824 3825 3826 3827 3828 3829 3830 3831 3832 3833 3834 3835 3836 3837 3838 3839 3840 3841 3842 3843 3844 3845 3846 3847 3848 3849 3850 3851 3852(* generated from kernel/*.st by languages/smalltalk/dune *) let files = [ ("Definitions.st", {st|"The kernel's classes, the Blue Book's hierarchy (its part two), a subset. St_boot reads these definitions before anything can run: it makes every class and its metaclass from them, ties the knot at the top (Object class superclass == Class, Metaclass class class == Metaclass), then compiles the methods of the other files. The fields the virtual machine reads -- a class's, a context's, a Character's value -- are in the order St_class.mli and St_interp.mli say."! nil subclass: #Object instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Objects'! Object subclass: #Behavior instanceVariableNames: 'superclass methodDict format' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Classes'! Behavior subclass: #ClassDescription instanceVariableNames: 'instanceVariables organization' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Classes'! ClassDescription subclass: #Class instanceVariableNames: 'name category classPool comment' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Classes'! ClassDescription subclass: #Metaclass instanceVariableNames: 'thisClass' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Classes'! Object subclass: #UndefinedObject instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Objects'! Object subclass: #Boolean instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Objects'! Boolean subclass: #True instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Objects'! Boolean subclass: #False instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Objects'! Object subclass: #Association instanceVariableNames: 'key value' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Objects'! Object subclass: #Message instanceVariableNames: 'selector arguments' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Methods'! Object subclass: #Magnitude instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Magnitudes'! Magnitude subclass: #Character instanceVariableNames: 'value' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Magnitudes'! Magnitude subclass: #Number instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Numbers'! Number subclass: #Integer instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Numbers'! Integer subclass: #SmallInteger instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Numbers'! Integer variableByteSubclass: #LargePositiveInteger instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Numbers'! LargePositiveInteger variableByteSubclass: #LargeNegativeInteger instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Numbers'! Number subclass: #Float instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Numbers'! Number subclass: #Fraction instanceVariableNames: 'numerator denominator' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Numeric-Numbers'! Object subclass: #Point instanceVariableNames: 'x y' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Graphics-Primitives'! Object subclass: #Rectangle instanceVariableNames: 'origin corner' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Graphics-Primitives'! Object subclass: #Collection instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Abstract'! Collection subclass: #SequenceableCollection instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Abstract'! SequenceableCollection subclass: #ArrayedCollection instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Abstract'! ArrayedCollection variableSubclass: #Array instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Arrayed'! ArrayedCollection variableByteSubclass: #String instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Text'! String variableByteSubclass: #Symbol instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Text'! ArrayedCollection variableByteSubclass: #ByteArray instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Arrayed'! SequenceableCollection subclass: #Interval instanceVariableNames: 'start stop step' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Sequenceable'! SequenceableCollection variableSubclass: #OrderedCollection instanceVariableNames: 'firstIndex lastIndex' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Sequenceable'! OrderedCollection variableSubclass: #SortedCollection instanceVariableNames: 'sortBlock' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Sequenceable'! Collection variableSubclass: #Set instanceVariableNames: 'tally' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Unordered'! Set variableSubclass: #Dictionary instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Unordered'! Collection subclass: #Bag instanceVariableNames: 'contents' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Unordered'! Object subclass: #SystemDictionary instanceVariableNames: 'associations' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'System-Support'! Object subclass: #Stream instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Streams'! Stream subclass: #PositionableStream instanceVariableNames: 'collection position readLimit' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Streams'! PositionableStream subclass: #ReadStream instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Streams'! PositionableStream subclass: #WriteStream instanceVariableNames: 'writeLimit' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Streams'! WriteStream subclass: #ReadWriteStream instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Collections-Streams'! Object subclass: #MethodDictionary instanceVariableNames: 'selectors methods' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Methods'! Object subclass: #CompiledMethod instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Methods'! Object variableSubclass: #ContextPart instanceVariableNames: 'sender pc stackp' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Methods'! ContextPart variableSubclass: #MethodContext instanceVariableNames: 'method unused receiver' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Methods'! ContextPart variableSubclass: #BlockContext instanceVariableNames: 'nargs startpc home' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Methods'! Object subclass: #TextCollector instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Interface-Transcript'! Object subclass: #Time instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'System-Support'! Object subclass: #Form instanceVariableNames: 'bits width height' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Graphics-Display Objects'! Object subclass: #BitBlt instanceVariableNames: 'destForm sourceForm halftoneForm combinationRule destX destY width height sourceX sourceY clipX clipY clipWidth clipHeight' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Graphics-Support'! BitBlt subclass: #Pen instanceVariableNames: 'frame location direction penDown' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Graphics-Primitives'! Object subclass: #InputSensor instanceVariableNames: '' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Processes'! |st}); ("Objects.st", {st|"Object, nil, the Booleans, and the two small classes everything uses: Association (key -> value) and Message (what doesNotUnderstand: receives)."! !Object methodsFor: 'comparing'! == anObject "The same object: the oops equal. Never fails." <primitive: 110> self primitiveFailed! = anObject "Equal: by default, the same object. Subclasses say more." ^self == anObject! ~= anObject ^(self = anObject) == false! ~~ anObject ^(self == anObject) == false! hash "Equal objects must have equal hashes." ^self identityHash! identityHash <primitive: 75> self primitiveFailed! ! !Object methodsFor: 'class membership'! class <primitive: 111> self primitiveFailed! isKindOf: aClass | c | c := self class. [c == nil] whileFalse: [c == aClass ifTrue: [^true]. c := c superclass]. ^false! isMemberOf: aClass ^self class == aClass! respondsTo: aSymbol ^self class canUnderstand: aSymbol! ! !Object methodsFor: 'testing'! isNil ^false! notNil ^true! isString ^false! isSymbol ^false! isNumber ^false! isInteger ^false! isSmallInteger ^false! isCharacter ^false! isClass ^false! isArray ^false! ifNil: aBlock ^self! ifNotNil: aBlock ^aBlock value: self! ! !Object methodsFor: 'accessing'! at: index "The indexed field, from 1." <primitive: 60> self checkIndex: index! at: index put: value <primitive: 61> self checkIndex: index! basicAt: index <primitive: 60> self checkIndex: index! basicAt: index put: value <primitive: 61> self checkIndex: index! size "How many indexed fields." <primitive: 62> ^0! basicSize <primitive: 62> ^0! instVarAt: index <primitive: 73> self error: 'Index out of bounds'! instVarAt: index put: value <primitive: 74> self error: 'Index out of bounds'! yourself ^self! checkIndex: index index isInteger ifFalse: [^self error: 'Index must be an integer']. (index < 1 or: [index > self basicSize]) ifTrue: [^self error: 'Index out of bounds: ', index printString]. ^self error: 'Improper store into indexable object'! ! !Object methodsFor: 'copying'! shallowCopy "A new object with the same fields: they are shared, not copied." <primitive: 153> self primitiveFailed! copy ^self shallowCopy! deepCopy | new | new := self shallowCopy. 1 to: self class instSize do: [:i | new instVarAt: i put: (self instVarAt: i) copy]. ^new! ! !Object methodsFor: 'printing'! printString "What 'print it' shows: printOn: into a stream on a String." | aStream | aStream := WriteStream on: (String new: 16). self printOn: aStream. ^aStream contents! printOn: aStream "By default, the class's name with an article: a Point, an Object." | title | title := self class name. aStream nextPutAll: ((title at: 1) isVowel ifTrue: ['an '] ifFalse: ['a ']). aStream nextPutAll: title! displayString ^self printString! displayNl Transcript show: self displayString; cr! printNl Transcript show: self printString; cr! ! !Object methodsFor: 'error handling'! error: aString "Stop the process, a notifier titled aString: St_debug.mli. Proceeding answers nil." <primitive: 141>! doesNotUnderstand: aMessage "No method for aMessage selector, up the whole superclass chain." ^self error: 'Message not understood: ', aMessage selector! halt ^self error: 'Halt'! primitiveFailed ^self error: 'Primitive failed'! subclassResponsibility ^self error: 'My subclass should have overridden one of my messages'! shouldNotImplement ^self error: 'This message is not appropriate for this object'! mustBeBoolean ^self error: 'NonBoolean receiver--proceed for truth'! cannotReturn: value ^self error: 'Context cannot return'! ! !Object methodsFor: 'message handling'! perform: aSymbol <primitive: 83> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! perform: aSymbol with: anObject <primitive: 83> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! perform: aSymbol with: first with: second <primitive: 83> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! perform: aSymbol withArguments: anArray <primitive: 84> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! ! !Object methodsFor: 'system primitives'! become: otherObject "Swap the two objects: every reference to one now reaches the other (St_memory.mli)." <primitive: 72> self primitiveFailed! inspect "An Inspector on the receiver." <primitive: 158>! -> anObject ^Association key: self value: anObject! ! !UndefinedObject methodsFor: 'testing'! isNil ^true! notNil ^false! ifNil: aBlock ^aBlock value! ifNotNil: aBlock ^self! ! !UndefinedObject methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: 'nil'! ! !UndefinedObject methodsFor: 'class definition'! subclass: nameSymbol instanceVariableNames: instVarNames classVariableNames: classVarNames poolDictionaries: pools category: categoryString "A class with no superclass: Object's own definition." <primitive: 143> self primitiveFailed! ! !Boolean methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: (self ifTrue: ['true'] ifFalse: ['false'])! ! !Boolean methodsFor: 'copying'! shallowCopy "true and false are unique." ^self! ! !True methodsFor: 'controlling'! ifTrue: trueBlock "Sent only when the argument is not a literal block: the compiler inlines the other cases into jumps (St_compile.mli)." ^trueBlock value! ifFalse: falseBlock ^nil! ifTrue: trueBlock ifFalse: falseBlock ^trueBlock value! ifFalse: falseBlock ifTrue: trueBlock ^trueBlock value! and: aBlock ^aBlock value! or: aBlock ^true! ! !True methodsFor: 'logical operations'! & aBoolean ^aBoolean! | aBoolean ^true! not ^false! ! !False methodsFor: 'controlling'! ifTrue: trueBlock ^nil! ifFalse: falseBlock ^falseBlock value! ifTrue: trueBlock ifFalse: falseBlock ^falseBlock value! ifFalse: falseBlock ifTrue: trueBlock ^falseBlock value! and: aBlock ^false! or: aBlock ^aBlock value! ! !False methodsFor: 'logical operations'! & aBoolean ^false! | aBoolean ^aBoolean! not ^true! ! !Association class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! key: aKey value: aValue ^self new key: aKey value: aValue! ! !Association methodsFor: 'accessing'! key ^key! value ^value! key: aKey value: aValue key := aKey. value := aValue! value: aValue value := aValue! ! !Association methodsFor: 'comparing'! = anAssociation ^(anAssociation isKindOf: Association) and: [key = anAssociation key and: [value = anAssociation value]]! hash ^key hash! ! !Association methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream key printOn: aStream. aStream nextPutAll: '->'. value printOn: aStream! ! !Message methodsFor: 'accessing'! selector ^selector! arguments ^arguments! ! !Message methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: 'a Message ('; nextPutAll: selector. arguments do: [:each | aStream space; print: each]. aStream nextPut: $)! ! |st}); ("Classes.st", {st|"Classes are objects: Behavior (what makes instances and finds methods), ClassDescription (instance variables' names, the methods' categories), Class and Metaclass. And the objects of the machine itself: the SystemDictionary Smalltalk, method dictionaries, compiled methods, the contexts, and Time."! !Behavior methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new <primitive: 70> ^self error: 'This class cannot make instances with new'! new: anInteger <primitive: 71> ^self error: 'This class cannot make indexed instances'! basicNew <primitive: 70> self primitiveFailed! basicNew: anInteger <primitive: 71> self primitiveFailed! ! !Behavior methodsFor: 'accessing'! superclass ^superclass! methodDictionary ^methodDict! instSize "The named fields of an instance: the format's high bits." ^format bitShift: -3! isVariable ^(format bitAnd: 7) between: 1 and: 2! instanceVariableNames | names | names := superclass == nil ifTrue: [OrderedCollection new] ifFalse: [superclass instanceVariableNames]. instanceVariables == nil ifFalse: [instanceVariables do: [:each | names add: each]]. ^names! selectors <primitive: 149> self primitiveFailed! allInstances <primitive: 145> self primitiveFailed! subclasses | result | result := OrderedCollection new. Smalltalk classesDo: [:each | each superclass == self ifTrue: [result add: each]]. ^result! withAllSuperclasses | result c | result := OrderedCollection new. c := self. [c == nil] whileFalse: [result add: c. c := c superclass]. ^result! ! !Behavior methodsFor: 'testing'! isClass ^true! inheritsFrom: aClass | c | c := superclass. [c == nil] whileFalse: [c == aClass ifTrue: [^true]. c := c superclass]. ^false! canUnderstand: aSymbol <primitive: 147> self primitiveFailed! includesSelector: aSymbol <primitive: 148> self primitiveFailed! ! !Behavior methodsFor: 'compiling'! compile: code classified: category "What the Browser's accept does: the selector, or the compiler's complaint, a String." <primitive: 142> self primitiveFailed! compile: code ^self compile: code classified: 'as yet unclassified'! ! !Behavior methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: self name! ! !Class methodsFor: 'accessing'! name ^name! category ^category! comment ^comment! comment: aString comment := aString! ! !Class methodsFor: 'subclass creation'! subclass: nameSymbol instanceVariableNames: instVarNames classVariableNames: classVarNames poolDictionaries: pools category: categoryString <primitive: 143> self primitiveFailed! variableSubclass: nameSymbol instanceVariableNames: instVarNames classVariableNames: classVarNames poolDictionaries: pools category: categoryString <primitive: 151> self primitiveFailed! variableByteSubclass: nameSymbol instanceVariableNames: instVarNames classVariableNames: classVarNames poolDictionaries: pools category: categoryString <primitive: 152> self primitiveFailed! ! !Metaclass methodsFor: 'accessing'! name ^thisClass name , ' class'! soleInstance ^thisClass! category ^thisClass category! ! !SystemDictionary methodsFor: 'accessing'! at: key ^self at: key ifAbsent: [self error: 'Key not found: ', key]! at: key ifAbsent: aBlock | a | a := self associationAt: key ifAbsent: [nil]. a == nil ifTrue: [^aBlock value]. ^a value! at: key put: value "The same Association kept: the methods that use the global see its new value (St_class.mli)." | a | a := self associationAt: key ifAbsent: [nil]. a == nil ifFalse: [a value: value. ^value]. associations := associations copyWith: (Association key: key asSymbol value: value). ^value! associationAt: key ifAbsent: aBlock | k | k := key asSymbol. associations do: [:each | each key == k ifTrue: [^each]]. ^aBlock value! includesKey: key self associationAt: key ifAbsent: [^false]. ^true! keys ^associations collect: [:each | each key]! classesDo: aBlock associations do: [:each | (each value isClass and: [each value name == each key]) ifTrue: [aBlock value: each value]]! garbageCollect "The entries freed." <primitive: 146> self primitiveFailed! ! !SystemDictionary methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: 'Smalltalk'! ! !MethodDictionary methodsFor: 'accessing'! keys ^selectors! at: aSymbol 1 to: selectors size do: [:i | (selectors at: i) == aSymbol ifTrue: [^methods at: i]]. ^self error: 'Key not found'! size ^selectors size! ! !CompiledMethod methodsFor: 'accessing'! selector <primitive: 156> self primitiveFailed! methodClass <primitive: 157> self primitiveFailed! ! !CompiledMethod methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: self methodClass name; nextPutAll: '>>'; nextPutAll: self selector! ! !ContextPart methodsFor: 'controlling'! blockCopy: numArgs "What the compiler sends for each [...]: a BlockContext that will start after the jump that follows this send (St_compile.mli)." <primitive: 80> self primitiveFailed! ! !ContextPart methodsFor: 'accessing'! sender "The virtual machine answers it, to know that someone holds the sender now: a context nobody holds is used again (St_interp.mli)." <primitive: 159> ^sender! method ^self subclassResponsibility! receiver ^self subclassResponsibility! ! !MethodContext methodsFor: 'accessing'! method ^method! receiver ^receiver! home ^self! ! !MethodContext methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream "Point(Object)>>printString: the receiver's class, and the class the method was found in if another" | mclass | mclass := method methodClass. aStream nextPutAll: receiver class name. mclass == receiver class ifFalse: [aStream nextPut: $(; nextPutAll: mclass name; nextPut: $)]. aStream nextPutAll: '>>'; nextPutAll: method selector! ! !BlockContext methodsFor: 'accessing'! method ^home method! receiver ^home receiver! home ^home! numArgs ^nargs! ! !BlockContext methodsFor: 'evaluating'! value "Evaluate the block. It runs in this same context each time: the Blue Book's blocks are not reentrant (St_compile.mli)." <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! value: arg <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! value: arg1 value: arg2 <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! value: arg1 value: arg2 value: arg3 <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! value: arg1 value: arg2 value: arg3 value: arg4 <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! valueWithArguments: anArray <primitive: 82> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! ! !BlockContext methodsFor: 'controlling'! whileTrue: aBlock "Sent only when the compiler could not inline it." [self value] whileTrue: [aBlock value]. ^nil! whileFalse: aBlock [self value] whileFalse: [aBlock value]. ^nil! whileTrue [self value] whileTrue. ^nil! repeat [true] whileTrue: [self value]! ! !BlockContext methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: '[] in '. home printOn: aStream! ! !Time class methodsFor: 'general inquiries'! millisecondClock <primitive: 144> self primitiveFailed! millisecondsToRun: aBlock | start | start := self millisecondClock. aBlock value. ^self millisecondClock - start! ! !TextCollector methodsFor: 'accessing'! show: aString "The Transcript's text, given to the host." <primitive: 140> ^self show: aString printString! nextPutAll: aString ^self show: aString! nextPut: aCharacter ^self show: (String with: aCharacter)! cr ^self nextPut: Character cr! tab ^self nextPut: Character tab! space ^self nextPut: Character space! print: anObject ^self show: anObject printString! display: anObject ^self show: anObject displayString! ! !TextCollector methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: 'a TextCollector'! ! |st}); ("Numbers.st", {st|"The numbers. SmallInteger's arithmetic is primitives (and even the bytecodes' own, St_interp.mli); when one fails -- an overflow, or an argument of another kind -- the method's Smalltalk runs instead: overflows go on in LargePositiveInteger and LargeNegativeInteger, written here over their bytes as in the Blue Book, and mixed kinds are coerced to the more general one (retry:coercing:, generality: a SmallInteger 20, a large one 40, a Fraction 60, a Float 80)."! !Magnitude methodsFor: 'comparing'! < aMagnitude ^self subclassResponsibility! > aMagnitude ^aMagnitude < self! <= aMagnitude ^(aMagnitude < self) not! >= aMagnitude ^(self < aMagnitude) not! between: min and: max ^self >= min and: [self <= max]! max: aMagnitude ^self > aMagnitude ifTrue: [self] ifFalse: [aMagnitude]! min: aMagnitude ^self < aMagnitude ifTrue: [self] ifFalse: [aMagnitude]! ! !Character class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! value: anInteger "The unique Character of a code: $a == (Character value: 97)." <primitive: 120> ^self error: 'Not a character code'! digitValue: anInteger ^'0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' at: anInteger + 1! cr ^self value: 13! lf ^self value: 10! tab ^self value: 9! space ^self value: 32! ! !Character methodsFor: 'accessing'! value ^value! asInteger ^value! asCharacter ^self! digitValue value <= 57 ifTrue: [^value - 48]. value <= 90 ifTrue: [^value - 55]. ^value - 87! ! !Character methodsFor: 'comparing'! < aCharacter ^value < aCharacter asInteger! = aCharacter ^self == aCharacter! hash ^value! ! !Character methodsFor: 'testing'! isCharacter ^true! isVowel ^'aeiouAEIOU' includes: self! isLetter ^self isUppercase or: [self isLowercase]! isUppercase ^value between: 65 and: 90! isLowercase ^value between: 97 and: 122! isDigit ^value between: 48 and: 57! isSeparator ^value = 32 or: [value = 13 or: [value = 9 or: [value = 10]]]! ! !Character methodsFor: 'converting'! asUppercase self isLowercase ifTrue: [^Character value: value - 32]. ^self! asLowercase self isUppercase ifTrue: [^Character value: value + 32]. ^self! asString ^String with: self! ! !Character methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPut: $$; nextPut: self! displayString ^String with: self! ! !Character methodsFor: 'copying'! shallowCopy ^self! ! !Number methodsFor: 'arithmetic'! + aNumber ^self subclassResponsibility! - aNumber ^self + aNumber negated! negated ^0 - self! abs self negative ifTrue: [^self negated]. ^self! reciprocal ^1 / self! squared ^self * self! // aNumber ^(self / aNumber) floor! \\ aNumber ^self - (self // aNumber * aNumber)! quo: aNumber ^(self / aNumber) truncated! rem: aNumber ^self - ((self quo: aNumber) * aNumber)! raisedTo: anInteger | result | anInteger < 0 ifTrue: [^(self raisedTo: anInteger negated) reciprocal]. result := 1. anInteger timesRepeat: [result := result * self]. ^result! sqrt ^self asFloat sqrt! ! !Number methodsFor: 'testing'! isNumber ^true! negative ^self < 0! positive ^self >= 0! strictlyPositive ^self > 0! isZero ^self = 0! sign self > 0 ifTrue: [^1]. self < 0 ifTrue: [^-1]. ^0! even ^self \\ 2 = 0! odd ^self even not! ! !Number methodsFor: 'truncation and round off'! truncated ^self subclassResponsibility! floor | t | t := self truncated. (self < 0 and: [t ~= self]) ifTrue: [^t - 1]. ^t! ceiling | t | t := self truncated. (self > 0 and: [t ~= self]) ifTrue: [^t + 1]. ^t! rounded ^(self + (self sign / 2)) truncated! asInteger ^self truncated! ! !Number methodsFor: 'coercing'! generality ^self subclassResponsibility! coerce: aNumber ^self subclassResponsibility! retry: aSymbol coercing: aNumber "Do the operation again, the less general number made like the other: 3 + (1/2) becomes (3/1) + (1/2)." aNumber isNumber ifFalse: [ aSymbol == #= ifTrue: [^false]. aSymbol == #~= ifTrue: [^true]. ^self error: 'Not a number: ', aNumber printString]. self generality < aNumber generality ifTrue: [^(aNumber coerce: self) perform: aSymbol with: aNumber]. self generality > aNumber generality ifTrue: [^self perform: aSymbol with: (self coerce: aNumber)]. ^self error: 'Coercion failed'! ! !Number methodsFor: 'intervals'! to: stop ^Interval from: self to: stop by: 1! to: stop by: step ^Interval from: self to: stop by: step! to: stop do: aBlock "Sent only when the compiler could not inline it." | i | i := self. [i <= stop] whileTrue: [aBlock value: i. i := i + 1]! to: stop by: step do: aBlock | i | i := self. step > 0 ifTrue: [[i <= stop] whileTrue: [aBlock value: i. i := i + step]] ifFalse: [[i >= stop] whileTrue: [aBlock value: i. i := i + step]]! ! !Number methodsFor: 'converting'! @ y "A Point." <primitive: 18> ^Point x: self y: y! asPoint ^self @ self! ! !Number methodsFor: 'printing'! printString: base | aStream | aStream := WriteStream on: (String new: 16). self printOn: aStream base: base. ^aStream contents! ! !Integer methodsFor: 'testing'! isInteger ^true! ! !Integer methodsFor: 'arithmetic'! + anInteger "Here when a large integer is involved: SmallInteger's own + is a primitive." anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #+ coercing: anInteger]. ^self asLargeInteger digitPlus: anInteger asLargeInteger! - anInteger anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #- coercing: anInteger]. ^self asLargeInteger digitPlus: anInteger negated asLargeInteger! * anInteger anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #* coercing: anInteger]. ^self asLargeInteger digitTimes: anInteger asLargeInteger! / anInteger "An Integer if it divides exactly, else a Fraction." anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #/ coercing: anInteger]. anInteger = 0 ifTrue: [^self error: 'Division by zero']. ^(Fraction numerator: self denominator: anInteger) reduced! quo: anInteger "Truncated towards zero." anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #quo: coercing: anInteger]. anInteger = 0 ifTrue: [^self error: 'Division by zero']. ^(self digitDivide: anInteger) at: 1! rem: anInteger anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #rem: coercing: anInteger]. anInteger = 0 ifTrue: [^self error: 'Division by zero']. ^(self digitDivide: anInteger) at: 2! // anInteger "Truncated towards minus infinity." | qr | anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #// coercing: anInteger]. anInteger = 0 ifTrue: [^self error: 'Division by zero']. qr := self digitDivide: anInteger. ((qr at: 2) ~= 0 and: [self negative ~~ anInteger negative]) ifTrue: [^(qr at: 1) - 1]. ^qr at: 1! \\ anInteger "The remainder of //: the sign of the divisor." | r | anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #\\ coercing: anInteger]. anInteger = 0 ifTrue: [^self error: 'Division by zero']. r := (self digitDivide: anInteger) at: 2. (r ~= 0 and: [r negative ~~ anInteger negative]) ifTrue: [^r + anInteger]. ^r! < anInteger anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #< coercing: anInteger]. ^(self asLargeInteger compareWith: anInteger asLargeInteger) < 0! = anInteger anInteger isNumber ifFalse: [^false]. anInteger isInteger ifFalse: [^self retry: #= coercing: anInteger]. ^(self asLargeInteger compareWith: anInteger asLargeInteger) = 0! hash ^(self \\ 1073741823) hash! negated ^0 - self! gcd: anInteger "Euclid's." | a b t | a := self abs. b := anInteger abs. [b = 0] whileFalse: [t := a \\ b. a := b. b := t]. ^a! lcm: anInteger ^(self * anInteger) abs // (self gcd: anInteger)! factorial "100 factorial printString size = 158." | result | self < 0 ifTrue: [^self error: 'Not valid for negative integers']. result := 1. 2 to: self do: [:i | result := result * i]. ^result! timesRepeat: aBlock | i | i := 1. [i <= self] whileTrue: [aBlock value. i := i + 1]! isPrime self < 2 ifTrue: [^false]. 2 to: self sqrtFloor do: [:i | self \\ i = 0 ifTrue: [^false]]. ^true! sqrtFloor | r | r := self asFloat sqrt truncated. [r * r > self] whileTrue: [r := r - 1]. [(r + 1) * (r + 1) <= self] whileTrue: [r := r + 1]. ^r! ! !Integer methodsFor: 'coercing'! generality ^40! coerce: aNumber ^aNumber asLargeInteger! ! !Integer methodsFor: 'converting'! asFloat "A large integer's bytes, summed as floats." | f | f := 0.0. self digitLength to: 1 by: -1 do: [:i | f := f * 256.0 + (self digitAt: i)]. self negative ifTrue: [^f negated]. ^f! truncated ^self! asCharacter ^Character value: self! digitDivide: anInteger "The quotient and the remainder truncated towards zero, an Array: by the schoolbook's short division when the divisor is small enough for a digit times it to stay a SmallInteger, else bit by bit." | a b qr q r | a := self abs asLargeInteger. b := anInteger abs. qr := (b isSmallInteger and: [b < 4194304]) ifTrue: [a shortDivide: b] ifFalse: [a longDivide: b]. q := qr at: 1. r := qr at: 2. self negative == anInteger negative ifFalse: [q := q negated]. self negative ifTrue: [r := r negated]. ^Array with: q with: r! ! !Integer methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream self printOn: aStream base: 10! printOn: aStream base: base self < 0 ifTrue: [aStream nextPut: $-. ^self negated printOn: aStream base: base]. self >= base ifTrue: [self // base printOn: aStream base: base]. aStream nextPut: (Character digitValue: self \\ base)! ! !SmallInteger class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new ^self error: 'SmallIntegers are not made, they are'! ! !SmallInteger methodsFor: 'arithmetic'! + aNumber <primitive: 1> ^super + aNumber! - aNumber <primitive: 2> ^super - aNumber! < aNumber <primitive: 3> ^super < aNumber! > aNumber <primitive: 4> ^super > aNumber! <= aNumber <primitive: 5> ^super <= aNumber! >= aNumber <primitive: 6> ^super >= aNumber! = aNumber <primitive: 7> ^super = aNumber! ~= aNumber <primitive: 8> ^super ~= aNumber! * aNumber <primitive: 9> ^super * aNumber! / aNumber <primitive: 10> ^super / aNumber! \\ aNumber <primitive: 11> ^super \\ aNumber! // aNumber <primitive: 12> ^super // aNumber! quo: aNumber <primitive: 13> ^super quo: aNumber! bitAnd: anInteger <primitive: 14> ^self error: 'Not a SmallInteger'! bitOr: anInteger <primitive: 15> ^self error: 'Not a SmallInteger'! bitXor: anInteger <primitive: 16> ^self error: 'Not a SmallInteger'! bitShift: anInteger <primitive: 17> anInteger > 0 ifTrue: [^self asLargeInteger * (2 raisedTo: anInteger)]. ^self error: 'Not a SmallInteger'! ! !SmallInteger methodsFor: 'testing'! isSmallInteger ^true! even ^(self bitAnd: 1) = 0! ! !SmallInteger methodsFor: 'coercing'! generality ^20! coerce: aNumber ^aNumber! asLargeInteger <primitive: 154> self primitiveFailed! ! !SmallInteger methodsFor: 'converting'! asFloat <primitive: 40> self primitiveFailed! hash ^self! ! !SmallInteger methodsFor: 'copying'! shallowCopy ^self! ! !LargePositiveInteger methodsFor: 'digits'! digitAt: index "A byte of the magnitude, least significant first; 0 past the end." <primitive: 60> ^0! digitAt: index put: value <primitive: 61> self primitiveFailed! digitLength <primitive: 62> self primitiveFailed! normalize "The leading zero bytes dropped, a SmallInteger if it fits." <primitive: 155> self primitiveFailed! asLargeInteger ^self! negative ^false! negated | result | result := (self negative ifTrue: [LargePositiveInteger] ifFalse: [LargeNegativeInteger]) new: self digitLength. 1 to: self digitLength do: [:i | result digitAt: i put: (self digitAt: i)]. ^result normalize! abs self negative ifTrue: [^self negated]. ^self! ! !LargePositiveInteger methodsFor: 'digit arithmetic'! digitPlus: arg "The sum of two large integers of any signs." self negative == arg negative ifTrue: [^(self magnitudeAdd: arg negative: self negative) normalize]. (self magnitudeCompare: arg) >= 0 ifTrue: [^(self magnitudeSubtract: arg negative: self negative) normalize]. ^(arg magnitudeSubtract: self negative: arg negative) normalize! magnitudeAdd: arg negative: aBoolean | len result carry sum | len := (self digitLength max: arg digitLength) + 1. result := (aBoolean ifTrue: [LargeNegativeInteger] ifFalse: [LargePositiveInteger]) new: len. carry := 0. 1 to: len do: [:i | sum := (self digitAt: i) + (arg digitAt: i) + carry. result digitAt: i put: (sum bitAnd: 255). carry := sum bitShift: -8]. ^result! magnitudeSubtract: arg negative: aBoolean "The receiver's magnitude is the larger." | len result borrow diff | len := self digitLength. result := (aBoolean ifTrue: [LargeNegativeInteger] ifFalse: [LargePositiveInteger]) new: len. borrow := 0. 1 to: len do: [:i | diff := (self digitAt: i) - (arg digitAt: i) - borrow. diff < 0 ifTrue: [diff := diff + 256. borrow := 1] ifFalse: [borrow := 0]. result digitAt: i put: diff]. ^result! magnitudeCompare: arg "-1, 0 or 1." | a b | (self digitLength max: arg digitLength) to: 1 by: -1 do: [:i | a := self digitAt: i. b := arg digitAt: i. a < b ifTrue: [^-1]. a > b ifTrue: [^1]]. ^0! compareWith: arg self negative == arg negative ifFalse: [self negative ifTrue: [^-1] ifFalse: [^1]]. self negative ifTrue: [^arg magnitudeCompare: self]. ^self magnitudeCompare: arg! digitTimes: arg "The schoolbook's: each digit of one by each of the other." | la lb result carry prod k | la := self digitLength. lb := arg digitLength. result := (self negative == arg negative ifTrue: [LargePositiveInteger] ifFalse: [LargeNegativeInteger]) new: la + lb. 1 to: la do: [:i | carry := 0. 1 to: lb do: [:j | k := i + j - 1. prod := (self digitAt: i) * (arg digitAt: j) + (result digitAt: k) + carry. result digitAt: k put: (prod bitAnd: 255). carry := prod bitShift: -8]. result digitAt: i + lb put: carry]. ^result normalize! shortDivide: divisor "The magnitude by a small SmallInteger, a digit at a time from the top: the quotient and the remainder." | len q r | len := self digitLength. q := LargePositiveInteger new: len. r := 0. len to: 1 by: -1 do: [:i | r := r * 256 + (self digitAt: i). q digitAt: i put: r // divisor. r := r \\ divisor]. ^Array with: q normalize with: r! longDivide: divisor "A bit at a time: slow, but only for large divisors." | q r bit | q := 0. r := 0. self digitLength * 8 to: 1 by: -1 do: [:i | bit := ((self digitAt: i - 1 // 8 + 1) bitShift: 0 - (i - 1 \\ 8)) bitAnd: 1. r := r * 2 + bit. q := q * 2. r >= divisor ifTrue: [r := r - divisor. q := q + 1]]. ^Array with: q with: r! ! !LargePositiveInteger methodsFor: 'bit manipulation'! bitShift: anInteger anInteger >= 0 ifTrue: [^self * (2 raisedTo: anInteger)]. ^self // (2 raisedTo: anInteger negated)! hash ^self digitAt: 1! ! !LargeNegativeInteger methodsFor: 'testing'! negative ^true! ! !Fraction class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! numerator: n denominator: d "Not reduced: Integer>>/ reduces it." ^self new setNumerator: n denominator: d! ! !Fraction methodsFor: 'private'! setNumerator: n denominator: d d < 0 ifTrue: [numerator := n negated. denominator := d negated] ifFalse: [numerator := n. denominator := d]! ! !Fraction methodsFor: 'accessing'! numerator ^numerator! denominator ^denominator! ! !Fraction methodsFor: 'arithmetic'! + aNumber aNumber isNumber ifFalse: [^self retry: #+ coercing: aNumber]. aNumber generality = self generality ifFalse: [^self retry: #+ coercing: aNumber]. ^(Fraction numerator: numerator * aNumber denominator + (aNumber numerator * denominator) denominator: denominator * aNumber denominator) reduced! - aNumber aNumber isNumber ifFalse: [^self retry: #- coercing: aNumber]. aNumber generality = self generality ifFalse: [^self retry: #- coercing: aNumber]. ^(Fraction numerator: numerator * aNumber denominator - (aNumber numerator * denominator) denominator: denominator * aNumber denominator) reduced! * aNumber aNumber isNumber ifFalse: [^self retry: #* coercing: aNumber]. aNumber generality = self generality ifFalse: [^self retry: #* coercing: aNumber]. ^(Fraction numerator: numerator * aNumber numerator denominator: denominator * aNumber denominator) reduced! / aNumber aNumber isNumber ifFalse: [^self retry: #/ coercing: aNumber]. aNumber generality = self generality ifFalse: [^self retry: #/ coercing: aNumber]. ^(Fraction numerator: numerator * aNumber denominator denominator: denominator * aNumber numerator) reduced! negated ^Fraction numerator: numerator negated denominator: denominator! reduced "Lowest terms, and an Integer when the denominator is 1." | g | numerator = 0 ifTrue: [^0]. g := numerator gcd: denominator. g = denominator ifTrue: [^numerator // g]. ^Fraction numerator: numerator // g denominator: denominator // g! ! !Fraction methodsFor: 'comparing'! < aNumber aNumber isNumber ifFalse: [^self retry: #< coercing: aNumber]. aNumber generality = self generality ifFalse: [^self retry: #< coercing: aNumber]. ^numerator * aNumber denominator < (aNumber numerator * denominator)! = aNumber aNumber isNumber ifFalse: [^false]. aNumber generality = self generality ifFalse: [^self retry: #= coercing: aNumber]. ^numerator = aNumber numerator and: [denominator = aNumber denominator]! hash ^numerator hash bitXor: denominator hash! ! !Fraction methodsFor: 'truncation and round off'! truncated ^numerator quo: denominator! ! !Fraction methodsFor: 'coercing'! generality ^60! coerce: aNumber ^Fraction numerator: aNumber denominator: 1! ! !Fraction methodsFor: 'converting'! asFloat ^numerator asFloat / denominator asFloat! ! !Fraction methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream print: numerator; nextPut: $/; print: denominator! ! !Float methodsFor: 'arithmetic'! + aNumber <primitive: 41> ^self retry: #+ coercing: aNumber! - aNumber <primitive: 42> ^self retry: #- coercing: aNumber! < aNumber <primitive: 43> ^self retry: #< coercing: aNumber! > aNumber <primitive: 44> ^self retry: #> coercing: aNumber! <= aNumber <primitive: 45> ^self retry: #<= coercing: aNumber! >= aNumber <primitive: 46> ^self retry: #>= coercing: aNumber! = aNumber <primitive: 47> ^self retry: #= coercing: aNumber! ~= aNumber <primitive: 48> ^self retry: #~= coercing: aNumber! * aNumber <primitive: 49> ^self retry: #* coercing: aNumber! / aNumber <primitive: 50> aNumber = 0 ifTrue: [^self error: 'Division by zero']. ^self retry: #/ coercing: aNumber! sqrt <primitive: 55> self primitiveFailed! sin <primitive: 56> self primitiveFailed! cos ^(self + 1.5707963267948966) sin! arcTan <primitive: 57> self primitiveFailed! ln <primitive: 58> self primitiveFailed! exp <primitive: 59> self primitiveFailed! ! !Float methodsFor: 'truncation and round off'! truncated "Too large for a SmallInteger: the high part and the low part." | q | <primitive: 51> q := (self / 65536.0) truncated. ^q * 65536 + (self - (q * 65536.0)) truncated! ! !Float methodsFor: 'truncation and round off'! rounded ^(self + (self sign * 0.5)) truncated! ! !Float methodsFor: 'coercing'! generality ^80! coerce: aNumber ^aNumber asFloat! asFloat ^self! hash ^self truncated hash! ! !Float methodsFor: 'printing'! printString <primitive: 130> self primitiveFailed! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: self printString! ! !Point class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! x: xInteger y: yInteger ^self new setX: xInteger setY: yInteger! ! !Point methodsFor: 'private'! setX: xValue setY: yValue x := xValue. y := yValue! ! !Point methodsFor: 'accessing'! x ^x! y ^y! ! !Point methodsFor: 'arithmetic'! + arg | p | p := arg asPoint. ^(x + p x) @ (y + p y)! - arg | p | p := arg asPoint. ^(x - p x) @ (y - p y)! * arg | p | p := arg asPoint. ^(x * p x) @ (y * p y)! / arg | p | p := arg asPoint. ^(x / p x) @ (y / p y)! // arg | p | p := arg asPoint. ^(x // p x) @ (y // p y)! abs ^x abs @ y abs! ! !Point methodsFor: 'comparing'! = aPoint ^(aPoint isKindOf: Point) and: [x = aPoint x and: [y = aPoint y]]! hash ^x hash bitXor: y hash! < aPoint ^x < aPoint x and: [y < aPoint y]! > aPoint ^x > aPoint x and: [y > aPoint y]! <= aPoint ^x <= aPoint x and: [y <= aPoint y]! >= aPoint ^x >= aPoint x and: [y >= aPoint y]! max: aPoint ^(x max: aPoint x) @ (y max: aPoint y)! min: aPoint ^(x min: aPoint x) @ (y min: aPoint y)! ! !Point methodsFor: 'point functions'! dist: aPoint | dx dy | dx := aPoint x - x. dy := aPoint y - y. ^(dx * dx + (dy * dy)) sqrt! transpose ^y @ x! corner: aPoint ^Rectangle origin: self corner: aPoint! extent: aPoint ^Rectangle origin: self corner: self + aPoint! ! !Point methodsFor: 'converting'! asPoint ^self! ! !Point methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream x printOn: aStream. aStream nextPut: $@. y printOn: aStream! ! !Rectangle class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! origin: originPoint corner: cornerPoint ^self new setOrigin: originPoint corner: cornerPoint! ! !Rectangle methodsFor: 'private'! setOrigin: originPoint corner: cornerPoint origin := originPoint. corner := cornerPoint! ! !Rectangle methodsFor: 'accessing'! origin ^origin! corner ^corner! width ^corner x - origin x! height ^corner y - origin y! extent ^corner - origin! area ^self width * self height! ! !Rectangle methodsFor: 'rectangle functions'! center "The Blue Book's example of compiled code (St_bytecode.mli): 0 1 176 119 185 124." ^origin + corner / 2! containsPoint: aPoint ^origin <= aPoint and: [aPoint < corner]! intersects: aRectangle ^(origin max: aRectangle origin) < (corner min: aRectangle corner)! ! !Rectangle methodsFor: 'comparing'! = aRectangle ^(aRectangle isKindOf: Rectangle) and: [origin = aRectangle origin and: [corner = aRectangle corner]]! hash ^origin hash bitXor: corner hash! ! !Rectangle methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream origin printOn: aStream. aStream nextPutAll: ' corner: '. corner printOn: aStream! ! |st}); ("Collections.st", {st|"The collections, and their iteration protocol -- do:, collect:, select:, reject:, detect:, inject:into: -- the one the rest of the world copied (Ruby's each, map, select, detect, inject; Python's comprehensions). Every collection answers them once it has do:. OrderedCollection and Set grow the Blue Book's way: a bigger copy, then 'self become: newSelf' (St_memory.mli), so that everything that knew the collection now knows the bigger one."! !Collection class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! with: anObject ^self new add: anObject; yourself! with: first with: second ^self new add: first; add: second; yourself! with: first with: second with: third ^self new add: first; add: second; add: third; yourself! with: first with: second with: third with: fourth ^self new add: first; add: second; add: third; add: fourth; yourself! withAll: aCollection ^self new addAll: aCollection; yourself! ! !Collection methodsFor: 'adding'! add: anObject ^self subclassResponsibility! addAll: aCollection aCollection do: [:each | self add: each]. ^aCollection! ! !Collection methodsFor: 'removing'! remove: oldObject ^self remove: oldObject ifAbsent: [self error: 'Object is not in the collection']! remove: oldObject ifAbsent: aBlock ^self subclassResponsibility! removeAll: aCollection aCollection do: [:each | self remove: each]. ^aCollection! ! !Collection methodsFor: 'testing'! includes: anObject self do: [:each | anObject = each ifTrue: [^true]]. ^false! isEmpty ^self size = 0! notEmpty ^self isEmpty not! occurrencesOf: anObject | tally | tally := 0. self do: [:each | anObject = each ifTrue: [tally := tally + 1]]. ^tally! ! !Collection methodsFor: 'accessing'! size | tally | tally := 0. self do: [:each | tally := tally + 1]. ^tally! ! !Collection methodsFor: 'enumerating'! do: aBlock ^self subclassResponsibility! do: aBlock separatedBy: separatorBlock | first | first := true. self do: [:each | first ifTrue: [first := false] ifFalse: [separatorBlock value]. aBlock value: each]! collect: aBlock | result | result := OrderedCollection new. self do: [:each | result add: (aBlock value: each)]. ^result! select: aBlock | result | result := self species new. self do: [:each | (aBlock value: each) ifTrue: [result add: each]]. ^result! reject: aBlock ^self select: [:each | (aBlock value: each) == false]! detect: aBlock ^self detect: aBlock ifNone: [self error: 'Object is not in the collection']! detect: aBlock ifNone: exceptionBlock self do: [:each | (aBlock value: each) ifTrue: [^each]]. ^exceptionBlock value! inject: thisValue into: binaryBlock | nextValue | nextValue := thisValue. self do: [:each | nextValue := binaryBlock value: nextValue value: each]. ^nextValue! anySatisfy: aBlock self do: [:each | (aBlock value: each) ifTrue: [^true]]. ^false! allSatisfy: aBlock self do: [:each | (aBlock value: each) ifFalse: [^false]]. ^true! max ^self inject: self anyOne into: [:a :b | a max: b]! min ^self inject: self anyOne into: [:a :b | a min: b]! sum ^self inject: 0 into: [:a :b | a + b]! anyOne self do: [:each | ^each]. ^self error: 'Collection is empty'! ! !Collection methodsFor: 'converting'! asArray | result i | result := Array new: self size. i := 0. self do: [:each | result at: (i := i + 1) put: each]. ^result! asOrderedCollection ^OrderedCollection withAll: self! asBag ^Bag withAll: self! asSet ^Set withAll: self! asSortedCollection ^SortedCollection withAll: self! asSortedCollection: aBlock ^(SortedCollection sortBlock: aBlock) addAll: self; yourself! ! !Collection methodsFor: 'private'! species ^self class! ! !Collection methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream "OrderedCollection (1 2 3 ), as the Blue Book prints it." aStream nextPutAll: self class name; nextPutAll: ' ('. self do: [:element | element printOn: aStream. aStream space]. aStream nextPut: $)! ! !SequenceableCollection methodsFor: 'comparing'! = aCollection self class == aCollection class ifFalse: [^false]. self size = aCollection size ifFalse: [^false]. 1 to: self size do: [:i | (self at: i) = (aCollection at: i) ifFalse: [^false]]. ^true! hash ^self size! ! !SequenceableCollection methodsFor: 'accessing'! first self isEmpty ifTrue: [^self error: 'Collection is empty']. ^self at: 1! last self isEmpty ifTrue: [^self error: 'Collection is empty']. ^self at: self size! indexOf: anElement 1 to: self size do: [:i | (self at: i) = anElement ifTrue: [^i]]. ^0! allButFirst ^self copyFrom: 2 to: self size! allButLast ^self copyFrom: 1 to: self size - 1! ! !SequenceableCollection methodsFor: 'enumerating'! do: aBlock 1 to: self size do: [:i | aBlock value: (self at: i)]! reverseDo: aBlock self size to: 1 by: -1 do: [:i | aBlock value: (self at: i)]! doWithIndex: aBlock 1 to: self size do: [:i | aBlock value: (self at: i) value: i]! keysAndValuesDo: aBlock 1 to: self size do: [:i | aBlock value: i value: (self at: i)]! with: aCollection do: aBlock 1 to: self size do: [:i | aBlock value: (self at: i) value: (aCollection at: i)]! collect: aBlock | result | result := self species new: self size. 1 to: self size do: [:i | result at: i put: (aBlock value: (self at: i))]. ^result! select: aBlock | result | result := OrderedCollection new. self do: [:each | (aBlock value: each) ifTrue: [result add: each]]. ^(self species inheritsFrom: ArrayedCollection) ifTrue: [(self species new: result size) replaceFrom: 1 to: result size with: result startingAt: 1] ifFalse: [result]! ! !SequenceableCollection methodsFor: 'copying'! copyFrom: start to: stop | result | result := self species new: (stop - start + 1 max: 0). start to: stop do: [:i | result at: i - start + 1 put: (self at: i)]. ^result! copyWith: newElement | result | result := self species new: self size + 1. result replaceFrom: 1 to: self size with: self startingAt: 1. result at: result size put: newElement. ^result! reversed | result n | n := self size. result := self species new: n. 1 to: n do: [:i | result at: i put: (self at: n + 1 - i)]. ^result! reverse ^self reversed! replaceFrom: start to: stop with: replacement startingAt: repStart | j | j := repStart. start to: stop do: [:i | self at: i put: (replacement at: j). j := j + 1]! , aSequenceableCollection | result | result := self species new: self size + aSequenceableCollection size. result replaceFrom: 1 to: self size with: self startingAt: 1. result replaceFrom: self size + 1 to: result size with: aSequenceableCollection startingAt: 1. ^result! ! !SequenceableCollection methodsFor: 'converting'! readStream ^ReadStream on: self! ! !ArrayedCollection class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new ^self new: 0! with: anObject ^(self new: 1) at: 1 put: anObject; yourself! with: first with: second ^(self new: 2) at: 1 put: first; at: 2 put: second; yourself! with: first with: second with: third ^(self new: 3) at: 1 put: first; at: 2 put: second; at: 3 put: third; yourself! with: first with: second with: third with: fourth ^(self new: 4) at: 1 put: first; at: 2 put: second; at: 3 put: third; at: 4 put: fourth; yourself! withAll: aCollection | result i | result := self new: aCollection size. i := 0. aCollection do: [:each | result at: (i := i + 1) put: each]. ^result! ! !ArrayedCollection methodsFor: 'accessing'! size <primitive: 62> ^0! ! !ArrayedCollection methodsFor: 'adding'! add: anObject ^self shouldNotImplement! ! !ArrayedCollection methodsFor: 'copying'! replaceFrom: start to: stop with: replacement startingAt: repStart "The primitive when both are pointers or both bytes." <primitive: 105> ^super replaceFrom: start to: stop with: replacement startingAt: repStart! ! !ArrayedCollection methodsFor: 'sorting'! asSortedArray ^self asSortedCollection asArray! ! !Array methodsFor: 'testing'! isArray ^true! ! !Array methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream "#(1 $a 'b'), as a literal reads" aStream nextPutAll: '#('. self do: [:each | each printOn: aStream] separatedBy: [aStream space]. aStream nextPut: $)! ! !String class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new ^self new: 0! ! !String methodsFor: 'accessing'! at: index "A Character: the bytes are characters." <primitive: 63> ^self checkIndex: index! at: index put: aCharacter <primitive: 64> aCharacter isCharacter ifFalse: [^self error: 'Strings only store Characters']. ^self checkIndex: index! size <primitive: 62> ^0! ! !String methodsFor: 'comparing'! = aString <primitive: 123> ^false! < aString <primitive: 124> ^self error: 'Not a String'! > aString ^aString < self! <= aString ^(aString < self) not! >= aString ^(self < aString) not! hash <primitive: 125> ^0! ! !String methodsFor: 'testing'! isString ^true! includesSubstring: aString | n | n := aString size. 1 to: self size - n + 1 do: [:i | (self copyFrom: i to: i + n - 1) = aString ifTrue: [^true]]. ^false! ! !String methodsFor: 'converting'! asSymbol <primitive: 122> self primitiveFailed! asString ^self! asNumber "The number the text reads as, or nil." <primitive: 150> ^nil! asUppercase ^self collect: [:c | c asUppercase]! asLowercase ^self collect: [:c | c asLowercase]! displayString ^self! species ^String! ! !String methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream "'it''s': quoted, a quote doubled" aStream nextPut: $'. self do: [:c | aStream nextPut: c. c == $' ifTrue: [aStream nextPut: c]]. aStream nextPut: $'! ! !Symbol class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new: anInteger ^self error: 'Symbols are made by asSymbol, unique'! ! !Symbol methodsFor: 'comparing'! = anObject "Symbols are unique: equal is identical." ^self == anObject! hash ^self identityHash! ! !Symbol methodsFor: 'accessing'! at: index put: aCharacter ^self error: 'Symbols cannot be changed'! ! !Symbol methodsFor: 'converting'! asSymbol ^self! asString | s | s := String new: self size. s replaceFrom: 1 to: self size with: self startingAt: 1. ^s! numArgs | n | n := 0. self do: [:c | c == $: ifTrue: [n := n + 1]]. (n = 0 and: [(self at: 1) isLetter not]) ifTrue: [^1]. ^n! ! !Symbol methodsFor: 'testing'! isSymbol ^true! ! !Symbol methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPut: $#; nextPutAll: self! displayString ^self asString! ! !Symbol methodsFor: 'copying'! shallowCopy ^self! ! !ByteArray methodsFor: 'accessing'! size <primitive: 62> ^0! ! !Interval class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! from: start to: stop by: step ^self new setFrom: start to: stop by: step! ! !Interval methodsFor: 'private'! setFrom: startNumber to: stopNumber by: stepNumber start := startNumber. stop := stopNumber. step := stepNumber! species ^Array! ! !Interval methodsFor: 'accessing'! size step > 0 ifTrue: [stop < start ifTrue: [^0]] ifFalse: [start < stop ifTrue: [^0]]. ^stop - start // step + 1! at: index (index >= 1 and: [index <= self size]) ifTrue: [^start + (step * (index - 1))]. ^self error: 'Index out of bounds'! at: index put: anObject ^self error: 'Intervals cannot be changed'! ! !Interval methodsFor: 'enumerating'! do: aBlock | i | i := start. step > 0 ifTrue: [[i <= stop] whileTrue: [aBlock value: i. i := i + step]] ifFalse: [[i >= stop] whileTrue: [aBlock value: i. i := i + step]]! collect: aBlock | result i | result := Array new: self size. i := 0. self do: [:each | result at: (i := i + 1) put: (aBlock value: each)]. ^result! ! !Interval methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPut: $(; print: start; nextPutAll: ' to: '; print: stop. step = 1 ifFalse: [aStream nextPutAll: ' by: '; print: step]. aStream nextPut: $)! ! !OrderedCollection class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new ^self new: 8! new: anInteger ^(self basicNew: anInteger) setIndices! ! !OrderedCollection methodsFor: 'private'! setIndices firstIndex := self basicSize // 2 max: 1. lastIndex := firstIndex - 1! setFirst: first last: last firstIndex := first. lastIndex := last! grow "A copy with room at both ends, then become: -- the receiver is the bigger one from now on, for whoever holds it." | newSelf newFirst n | n := self basicSize * 2 + 8. newSelf := self class basicNew: n. 1 to: self class instSize do: [:i | newSelf instVarAt: i put: (self instVarAt: i)]. newFirst := n - self size // 2 + 1. 1 to: self size do: [:i | newSelf basicAt: newFirst + i - 1 put: (self basicAt: firstIndex + i - 1)]. newSelf setFirst: newFirst last: newFirst + self size - 1. self become: newSelf! ! !OrderedCollection methodsFor: 'accessing'! size ^lastIndex - firstIndex + 1! at: index (index < 1 or: [index > self size]) ifTrue: [^self error: 'Index out of bounds: ', index printString]. ^self basicAt: index + firstIndex - 1! at: index put: anObject (index < 1 or: [index > self size]) ifTrue: [^self error: 'Index out of bounds: ', index printString]. ^self basicAt: index + firstIndex - 1 put: anObject! ! !OrderedCollection methodsFor: 'adding'! add: anObject ^self addLast: anObject! addLast: anObject lastIndex = self basicSize ifTrue: [self grow]. lastIndex := lastIndex + 1. ^self basicAt: lastIndex put: anObject! addFirst: anObject firstIndex = 1 ifTrue: [self grow]. firstIndex := firstIndex - 1. ^self basicAt: firstIndex put: anObject! ! !OrderedCollection methodsFor: 'removing'! removeFirst | answer | self isEmpty ifTrue: [^self error: 'Collection is empty']. answer := self basicAt: firstIndex. self basicAt: firstIndex put: nil. firstIndex := firstIndex + 1. ^answer! removeLast | answer | self isEmpty ifTrue: [^self error: 'Collection is empty']. answer := self basicAt: lastIndex. self basicAt: lastIndex put: nil. lastIndex := lastIndex - 1. ^answer! remove: oldObject ifAbsent: aBlock | index | index := firstIndex. [index <= lastIndex] whileTrue: [ oldObject = (self basicAt: index) ifTrue: [ index to: lastIndex - 1 do: [:i | self basicAt: i put: (self basicAt: i + 1)]. self basicAt: lastIndex put: nil. lastIndex := lastIndex - 1. ^oldObject]. index := index + 1]. ^aBlock value! ! !OrderedCollection methodsFor: 'enumerating'! do: aBlock firstIndex to: lastIndex do: [:i | aBlock value: (self basicAt: i)]! collect: aBlock | result | result := OrderedCollection new: self size. self do: [:each | result addLast: (aBlock value: each)]. ^result! select: aBlock | result | result := self copyEmpty. self do: [:each | (aBlock value: each) ifTrue: [result add: each]]. ^result! copyEmpty ^self class new! ! !OrderedCollection methodsFor: 'copying'! copyFrom: start to: stop | result | result := OrderedCollection new. start to: stop do: [:i | result addLast: (self at: i)]. ^result! , aCollection ^self copy addAll: aCollection; yourself! copy ^self collect: [:each | each]! reversed | result | result := OrderedCollection new. self do: [:each | result addFirst: each]. ^result! ! !SortedCollection class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new ^self sortBlock: [:a :b | a <= b]! sortBlock: aBlock ^(self new: 8) setSortBlock: aBlock! ! !SortedCollection methodsFor: 'private'! setSortBlock: aBlock sortBlock := aBlock! copyEmpty ^SortedCollection sortBlock: sortBlock! ! !SortedCollection methodsFor: 'adding'! add: anObject "Put at the end, then moved down past the ones it sorts before: an insertion sort, one element at a time." | i | self addLast: anObject. i := lastIndex. [i > firstIndex and: [sortBlock value: anObject value: (self basicAt: i - 1)]] whileTrue: [ self basicAt: i put: (self basicAt: i - 1). i := i - 1]. self basicAt: i put: anObject. ^anObject! addFirst: anObject ^self shouldNotImplement! at: index put: anObject ^self shouldNotImplement! ! !SortedCollection methodsFor: 'accessing'! sortBlock ^sortBlock! median ^self at: self size + 1 // 2! ! !SortedCollection methodsFor: 'enumerating'! collect: aBlock "The answers are not sorted: an OrderedCollection." | result | result := OrderedCollection new: self size. self do: [:each | result addLast: (aBlock value: each)]. ^result! ! !Set class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new ^self new: 16! new: anInteger ^(self basicNew: anInteger) setTally! ! !Set methodsFor: 'private'! setTally tally := 0! findIndexFor: anObject "Where anObject is, or the empty slot where it would go: its hash, then the next slots in turn (open addressing)." | index element | index := anObject hash \\ self basicSize + 1. [element := self basicAt: index. element == nil or: [self matches: element key: anObject]] whileFalse: [index := index \\ self basicSize + 1]. ^index! matches: element key: anObject ^element = anObject! grow | newSelf | newSelf := self class new: self basicSize * 2. "the slots themselves: a Dictionary's do: gives its values" 1 to: self basicSize do: [:i | (self basicAt: i) == nil ifFalse: [newSelf noCheckAdd: (self basicAt: i)]]. self become: newSelf! noCheckAdd: anObject self basicAt: (self findIndexFor: (self keyOf: anObject)) put: anObject. tally := tally + 1! keyOf: element ^element! ! !Set methodsFor: 'accessing'! size ^tally! ! !Set methodsFor: 'adding'! add: newObject | index | newObject == nil ifTrue: [^newObject]. index := self findIndexFor: newObject. (self basicAt: index) == nil ifTrue: [ self basicAt: index put: newObject. tally := tally + 1. tally * 4 > (self basicSize * 3) ifTrue: [self grow]]. ^newObject! ! !Set methodsFor: 'removing'! remove: oldObject ifAbsent: aBlock | index rest | index := self findIndexFor: oldObject. (self basicAt: index) == nil ifTrue: [^aBlock value]. self basicAt: index put: nil. tally := tally - 1. "the ones after it, in its run, put again" rest := OrderedCollection new. index := index \\ self basicSize + 1. [(self basicAt: index) == nil] whileFalse: [ rest add: (self basicAt: index). self basicAt: index put: nil. tally := tally - 1. index := index \\ self basicSize + 1]. rest do: [:each | self noCheckAdd: each]. ^oldObject! ! !Set methodsFor: 'testing'! includes: anObject ^(self basicAt: (self findIndexFor: anObject)) ~~ nil! ! !Set methodsFor: 'enumerating'! do: aBlock 1 to: self basicSize do: [:i | | each | each := self basicAt: i. each == nil ifFalse: [aBlock value: each]]! ! !Dictionary methodsFor: 'private'! matches: element key: aKey ^element key = aKey! keyOf: element ^element key! ! !Dictionary methodsFor: 'accessing'! at: key ^self at: key ifAbsent: [self error: 'Key not found: ', key printString]! at: key ifAbsent: aBlock | assoc | assoc := self basicAt: (self findIndexFor: key). assoc == nil ifTrue: [^aBlock value]. ^assoc value! at: key put: value | index assoc | index := self findIndexFor: key. assoc := self basicAt: index. assoc == nil ifTrue: [ self basicAt: index put: (Association key: key value: value). tally := tally + 1. tally * 4 > (self basicSize * 3) ifTrue: [self grow]] ifFalse: [assoc value: value]. ^value! associationAt: key ^self basicAt: (self findIndexFor: key)! keys | result | result := Set new. self associationsDo: [:assoc | result add: assoc key]. ^result! values | result | result := OrderedCollection new. self do: [:value | result add: value]. ^result! keyAtValue: value self associationsDo: [:assoc | assoc value = value ifTrue: [^assoc key]]. ^nil! ! !Dictionary methodsFor: 'adding'! add: anAssociation self at: anAssociation key put: anAssociation value. ^anAssociation! ! !Dictionary methodsFor: 'removing'! removeKey: key ^self removeKey: key ifAbsent: [self error: 'Key not found']! removeKey: key ifAbsent: aBlock | assoc | assoc := self basicAt: (self findIndexFor: key). assoc == nil ifTrue: [^aBlock value]. super remove: key ifAbsent: []. ^assoc value! ! !Dictionary methodsFor: 'testing'! includesKey: key ^(self basicAt: (self findIndexFor: key)) ~~ nil! includes: value self do: [:each | each = value ifTrue: [^true]]. ^false! ! !Dictionary methodsFor: 'enumerating'! associationsDo: aBlock super do: aBlock! do: aBlock self associationsDo: [:assoc | aBlock value: assoc value]! keysDo: aBlock self associationsDo: [:assoc | aBlock value: assoc key]! keysAndValuesDo: aBlock self associationsDo: [:assoc | aBlock value: assoc key value: assoc value]! collect: aBlock | result | result := Bag new. self do: [:each | result add: (aBlock value: each)]. ^result! select: aBlock | result | result := Dictionary new. self associationsDo: [:assoc | (aBlock value: assoc value) ifTrue: [result add: assoc]]. ^result! ! !Dictionary methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: self class name; nextPutAll: ' ('. self associationsDo: [:assoc | aStream print: assoc; space]. aStream nextPut: $)! ! !Bag class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new ^self basicNew setContents! ! !Bag methodsFor: 'private'! setContents contents := Dictionary new! ! !Bag methodsFor: 'adding'! add: newObject ^self add: newObject withOccurrences: 1! add: newObject withOccurrences: anInteger contents at: newObject put: (contents at: newObject ifAbsent: [0]) + anInteger. ^newObject! ! !Bag methodsFor: 'removing'! remove: oldObject ifAbsent: aBlock | count | count := contents at: oldObject ifAbsent: [^aBlock value]. count = 1 ifTrue: [contents removeKey: oldObject] ifFalse: [contents at: oldObject put: count - 1]. ^oldObject! ! !Bag methodsFor: 'accessing'! size | tally | tally := 0. contents do: [:count | tally := tally + count]. ^tally! occurrencesOf: anObject ^contents at: anObject ifAbsent: [0]! ! !Bag methodsFor: 'enumerating'! do: aBlock contents associationsDo: [:assoc | assoc value timesRepeat: [aBlock value: assoc key]]! ! |st}); ("Streams.st", {st|"Streams over collections: printString is printOn: into a WriteStream on a String, and a ReadStream reads one element at a time."! !Stream methodsFor: 'accessing'! next ^self subclassResponsibility! nextPut: anObject ^self subclassResponsibility! nextPutAll: aCollection aCollection do: [:each | self nextPut: each]. ^aCollection! atEnd ^self subclassResponsibility! do: aBlock [self atEnd] whileFalse: [aBlock value: self next]! ! !Stream methodsFor: 'printing'! print: anObject anObject printOn: self! cr self nextPut: Character cr! tab self nextPut: Character tab! space self nextPut: Character space! ! !PositionableStream class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! on: aCollection ^self basicNew on: aCollection! ! !PositionableStream methodsFor: 'private'! on: aCollection collection := aCollection. readLimit := aCollection size. position := 0! ! !PositionableStream methodsFor: 'accessing'! contents ^collection copyFrom: 1 to: readLimit! position ^position! position: anInteger position := anInteger! reset position := 0! isEmpty ^readLimit = 0! atEnd ^position >= readLimit! peek self atEnd ifTrue: [^nil]. ^collection at: position + 1! skip: anInteger position := (position + anInteger min: readLimit) max: 0! upTo: anObject | start | start := position + 1. [self atEnd or: [self next = anObject]] whileFalse. ^collection copyFrom: start to: (self atEnd ifTrue: [position] ifFalse: [position - 1])! upToEnd | start | start := position + 1. position := readLimit. ^collection copyFrom: start to: readLimit! skipSeparators [self atEnd not and: [self peek isSeparator]] whileTrue: [self next]! ! !ReadStream methodsFor: 'accessing'! next self atEnd ifTrue: [^nil]. position := position + 1. ^collection at: position! nextPut: anObject ^self shouldNotImplement! ! !WriteStream class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! with: aCollection ^(self on: aCollection) setToEnd! ! !WriteStream methodsFor: 'private'! on: aCollection super on: aCollection. readLimit := 0. writeLimit := aCollection size! setToEnd position := readLimit := writeLimit! growCollection | bigger | bigger := collection species new: collection size * 2 + 16. bigger replaceFrom: 1 to: collection size with: collection startingAt: 1. collection := bigger. writeLimit := collection size! ! !WriteStream methodsFor: 'accessing'! nextPut: anObject position >= writeLimit ifTrue: [self growCollection]. position := position + 1. collection at: position put: anObject. position > readLimit ifTrue: [readLimit := position]. ^anObject! contents ^collection copyFrom: 1 to: position! next ^self shouldNotImplement! ! !ReadWriteStream methodsFor: 'accessing'! next self atEnd ifTrue: [^nil]. position := position + 1. ^collection at: position! contents ^collection copyFrom: 1 to: readLimit! ! !SequenceableCollection methodsFor: 'converting'! writeStream ^WriteStream on: self! ! |st}); ("Graphics.st", {st|"The display, as the Blue Book's chapters 18 to 20 have it: Forms, pictures of one bit per pixel; BitBlt, the one primitive that draws them (St_bitblt.mli); and Pen, a turtle that draws lines with it, Logo's idea brought to Smalltalk (Papert and Kay were friends). Display is the Form of the screen: what a Pen draws there is drawn over the windows, until the screen menu's 'restore display' erases it."! !Form class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! extent: aPoint ^self width: aPoint x height: aPoint y! width: w height: h ^self new setBits: (ByteArray new: w + 15 // 16 * 2 * h) width: w height: h! ! !Form methodsFor: 'private'! setBits: aByteArray width: w height: h bits := aByteArray. width := w. height := h! ! !Form methodsFor: 'accessing'! width ^width! height ^height! extent ^width @ height! boundingBox ^0 @ 0 corner: width @ height! center ^(width // 2) @ (height // 2)! bits ^bits! ! !Form methodsFor: 'displaying'! fill: aRectangle rule: anInteger (BitBlt destForm: self sourceForm: nil halftoneForm: nil combinationRule: anInteger destOrigin: aRectangle origin sourceOrigin: 0 @ 0 extent: aRectangle extent clipRect: self boundingBox) copyBits! fillWhite self fill: self boundingBox rule: 0! fillBlack self fill: self boundingBox rule: 15! reverse self fill: self boundingBox rule: 10! displayOn: aForm at: aPoint rule: anInteger (BitBlt destForm: aForm sourceForm: self halftoneForm: nil combinationRule: anInteger destOrigin: aPoint sourceOrigin: 0 @ 0 extent: self extent clipRect: aForm boundingBox) copyBits! displayAt: aPoint self displayOn: Display at: aPoint rule: 3! pixelAt: aPoint "0 or 1, read the BitBlt way: the pixel copied onto a Form of one." | one | one := Form width: 1 height: 1. (BitBlt destForm: one sourceForm: self halftoneForm: nil combinationRule: 3 destOrigin: 0 @ 0 sourceOrigin: aPoint extent: 1 @ 1 clipRect: one boundingBox) copyBits. ^(one bits at: 1) bitShift: -7! ! !Form methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: 'a Form('; print: width; nextPut: $x; print: height; nextPut: $)! ! !BitBlt class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! destForm: df sourceForm: sf halftoneForm: hf combinationRule: cr destOrigin: destOrigin sourceOrigin: sourceOrigin extent: extent clipRect: clipRect ^self new setDestForm: df sourceForm: sf halftoneForm: hf combinationRule: cr destOrigin: destOrigin sourceOrigin: sourceOrigin extent: extent clipRect: clipRect! ! !BitBlt methodsFor: 'private'! setDestForm: df sourceForm: sf halftoneForm: hf combinationRule: cr destOrigin: destOrigin sourceOrigin: sourceOrigin extent: extent clipRect: clipRect destForm := df. sourceForm := sf. halftoneForm := hf. combinationRule := cr. destX := destOrigin x. destY := destOrigin y. sourceX := sourceOrigin x. sourceY := sourceOrigin y. width := extent x. height := extent y. clipX := clipRect origin x. clipY := clipRect origin y. clipWidth := clipRect width. clipHeight := clipRect height! ! !BitBlt methodsFor: 'accessing'! destForm: aForm destForm := aForm! sourceForm: aForm sourceForm := aForm! halftoneForm: aForm halftoneForm := aForm! combinationRule: anInteger combinationRule := anInteger! destOrigin: aPoint destX := aPoint x. destY := aPoint y! destX: x destY: y destX := x. destY := y! width: w height: h width := w. height := h! clipRect: aRectangle clipX := aRectangle origin x. clipY := aRectangle origin y. clipWidth := aRectangle width. clipHeight := aRectangle height! ! !BitBlt methodsFor: 'copying'! copyBits "The one drawing primitive (St_bitblt.mli)." <primitive: 96> ^self error: 'Bad BitBlt arguments'! ! !Pen class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new "A pen of one pixel on the Display, at its center, pointing up." ^super new defaultNib: 1! ! !Pen methodsFor: 'initialize'! defaultNib: n destForm := Display. sourceForm := (Form width: n height: n) fillBlack; yourself. combinationRule := 7. width := n. height := n. sourceX := 0. sourceY := 0. self clipRect: Display boundingBox. frame := Display boundingBox. location := Display center. direction := 270. penDown := true! ! !Pen methodsFor: 'accessing'! location ^location! direction ^direction! ! !Pen methodsFor: 'moving'! up penDown := false! down penDown := true! turn: degrees "Clockwise, the y axis going down." direction := direction + degrees \\ 360! north direction := 270! home location := Display center! place: aPoint location := aPoint! go: distance "Forward, drawing if the pen is down." | old radians | old := location. radians := direction degreesToRadians. location := location + ((radians cos * distance) @ (radians sin * distance)). penDown ifTrue: [self drawFrom: old to: location]! goto: aPoint | old | old := location. location := aPoint. penDown ifTrue: [self drawFrom: old to: location]! drawFrom: startPoint to: endPoint "Bresenham's line (1965), a copyBits of the nib at each point: the error term says when to step across as well as along." | x0 y0 x1 y1 dx dy sx sy err e2 | x0 := startPoint x rounded. y0 := startPoint y rounded. x1 := endPoint x rounded. y1 := endPoint y rounded. dx := (x1 - x0) abs. dy := (y1 - y0) abs negated. sx := x0 < x1 ifTrue: [1] ifFalse: [-1]. sy := y0 < y1 ifTrue: [1] ifFalse: [-1]. err := dx + dy. [destX := x0. destY := y0. self copyBits. x0 = x1 and: [y0 = y1]] whileFalse: [ e2 := 2 * err. e2 >= dy ifTrue: [err := err + dy. x0 := x0 + sx]. e2 <= dx ifTrue: [err := err + dx. y0 := y0 + sy]]! ! !Pen methodsFor: 'geometric designs'! dragon: n "The dragon curve, the Blue Book's (chapter 20): Pen new dragon: 9." n = 0 ifTrue: [self go: 10] ifFalse: [ n > 0 ifTrue: [self dragon: n - 1; turn: 90; dragon: 1 - n] ifFalse: [self dragon: -1 - n; turn: -90; dragon: 1 + n]]! spiral: n angle: a "Pen new spiral: 200 angle: 89." 1 to: n do: [:i | self go: i; turn: a]! polygon: sides length: length sides timesRepeat: [self go: length; turn: 360 // sides]! scribble "Pen new scribble: press the button and draw, release to stop -- the mouse read by Smalltalk while it runs." self place: Sensor waitButton. [Sensor anyButtonPressed] whileTrue: [self goto: Sensor mousePoint]! ! !Number methodsFor: 'converting'! degreesToRadians ^self asFloat * 0.017453292519943295! ! !InputSensor methodsFor: 'mouse'! mousePoint "Where the mouse is, on the Display." <primitive: 90> self primitiveFailed! cursorPoint ^self mousePoint! buttons <primitive: 91> self primitiveFailed! redButtonPressed ^(self buttons bitAnd: 4) ~= 0! yellowButtonPressed ^(self buttons bitAnd: 2) ~= 0! blueButtonPressed ^(self buttons bitAnd: 1) ~= 0! anyButtonPressed ^self buttons ~= 0! waitButton [self anyButtonPressed] whileFalse. ^self mousePoint! waitNoButton [self anyButtonPressed] whileTrue! ! |st}); ("System.st", {st|"The last chunks the bootstrap runs, once every method is compiled: the globals that are objects rather than classes."! Smalltalk at: #Transcript put: TextCollector new! Smalltalk at: #Display put: (Form extent: 800 @ 600)! Smalltalk at: #Sensor put: InputSensor new! Rectangle comment: 'A rectangle of the screen, from its origin (top left) to its corner (bottom right), each a Point.'! Point comment: 'A point of the screen, x to the right and y downwards: 3@4.'! Object comment: 'The root of the classes: what every object answers.'! |st}); ] let squeak = files @ [ ("squeak/Closures.st", {st|"Squeak's kernel, the first file: the blocks. A kernel that defines BlockClosure is compiled with closures (St_compile.mli): a block is no longer a BlockContext sharing its method's temporaries but a BlockClosure, an object holding what it needs from outside, and each value of it runs in a context of its own. So a block can call itself, and two blocks made by the same code do not share their arguments. MethodContext's unused field gets its Squeak name: the closure a context is running, nil for a method's."! Object variableSubclass: #BlockClosure instanceVariableNames: 'outerContext startpc numArgs' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Methods'! ContextPart variableSubclass: #MethodContext instanceVariableNames: 'method closureOrNil receiver' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'Kernel-Methods'! !BlockClosure methodsFor: 'accessing'! outerContext ^outerContext! home ^outerContext home! method ^outerContext method! receiver ^outerContext receiver! numArgs ^numArgs! numCopiedValues ^self size! ! !BlockClosure methodsFor: 'evaluating'! value "Evaluate the block, in a new context: the virtual machine makes a MethodContext whose closure is the receiver (St_interp.mli)." <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! value: arg <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! value: arg1 value: arg2 <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! value: arg1 value: arg2 value: arg3 <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! value: arg1 value: arg2 value: arg3 value: arg4 <primitive: 81> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! valueWithArguments: anArray <primitive: 82> ^self error: 'Wrong number of arguments'! ! !BlockClosure methodsFor: 'controlling'! whileTrue: aBlock "Sent only when the compiler could not inline it." [self value] whileTrue: [aBlock value]. ^nil! whileFalse: aBlock [self value] whileFalse: [aBlock value]. ^nil! whileTrue [self value] whileTrue. ^nil! repeat [true] whileTrue: [self value]! ! !BlockClosure methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream aStream nextPutAll: '[] in '. self home printOn: aStream! ! !MethodContext methodsFor: 'accessing'! closure ^closureOrNil! home "The context of the method a block's ^ returns from: for a closure's activation, up its outer contexts." ^closureOrNil == nil ifTrue: [self] ifFalse: [closureOrNil home]! ! !MethodContext methodsFor: 'printing'! printOn: aStream | mclass | closureOrNil == nil ifFalse: [aStream nextPutAll: '[] in ']. mclass := method methodClass. aStream nextPutAll: receiver class name. mclass == receiver class ifFalse: [aStream nextPut: $(; nextPutAll: mclass name; nextPut: $)]. aStream nextPutAll: '>>'; nextPutAll: method selector! ! |st}); ] let mini_morphic = squeak @ [ ("morphic/MiniMorphic.st", {st|"MiniMorphic: Morphic in one file, to read before the real one. Morphic (John Maloney and Randall Smith, for Self, 1995; Squeak's since 1997) has few ideas, all here: - everything on the screen is a Morph: a rectangle of it, a colour, an owner and submorphs. The screen itself is one, the world; so is the hand, the mouse made visible, and what it carries are its submorphs; - a morph is alive: the world sends step to every morph, every cycle, and a morph that wants to move just changes its position; - nobody redraws: a morph that changed says where (changed), the world remembers those rectangles (its damage), and at the end of the cycle redraws only them, back to front, clipped; - the cycle is the whole program: read the mouse, step, redraw. What is left out is what makes Squeak's Morphic big, not different: text, menus, halos, layout, events for the keyboard, colours (the Display here has one bit a pixel: black, white, and two grays made of both). The classes: Canvas (a Form to draw on, through one BitBlt), Morph, AtomMorph (a morph that bounces: the demo), HandMorph, WorldMorph. The interpreter knows none of them: all it gives is BitBlt, the mouse and the clock (St_bitblt.mli, St_primitives.mli)."! Object subclass: #Canvas instanceVariableNames: 'form blt clip' classVariableNames: 'Gray LightGray' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'MiniMorphic'! Object subclass: #Morph instanceVariableNames: 'bounds owner submorphs color' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'MiniMorphic'! Morph subclass: #AtomMorph instanceVariableNames: 'velocity' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'MiniMorphic'! Morph subclass: #HandMorph instanceVariableNames: 'wasDown' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'MiniMorphic'! Morph subclass: #WorldMorph instanceVariableNames: 'hand canvas damage' classVariableNames: '' poolDictionaries: '' category: 'MiniMorphic'! !Rectangle methodsFor: 'morphic'! left ^origin x! top ^origin y! right ^corner x! bottom ^corner y! translateBy: aPoint ^Rectangle origin: origin + aPoint corner: corner + aPoint! insetBy: anInteger "Smaller by that much on every side." ^Rectangle origin: origin + anInteger corner: corner - anInteger! intersects: aRectangle "The kernel's, in four comparisons of numbers and no Point made: it is asked of every morph for every rectangle redrawn." ^origin x < aRectangle corner x and: [aRectangle origin x < corner x and: [origin y < aRectangle corner y and: [aRectangle origin y < corner y]]]! intersect: aRectangle "What the two have in common; empty (no width) if nothing." ^Rectangle origin: (origin max: aRectangle origin) corner: (corner min: aRectangle corner)! merge: aRectangle "The smallest rectangle holding both." ^Rectangle origin: (origin min: aRectangle origin) corner: (corner max: aRectangle corner)! ! !Canvas class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! on: aForm ^self new setForm: aForm! ! !Canvas class methodsFor: 'patterns'! pattern: evenByte with: oddByte "A halftone (St_bitblt.mli): 16 by 16, its even rows of one byte, its odd rows of another." | f | f := Form extent: 16 @ 16. 1 to: 32 do: [:i | f bits at: i put: (i - 1 // 2 \\ 2 = 0 ifTrue: [evenByte] ifFalse: [oddByte])]. ^f! gray Gray == nil ifTrue: [Gray := self pattern: 16rAA with: 16r55]. ^Gray! lightGray LightGray == nil ifTrue: [LightGray := self pattern: 16r88 with: 16r22]. ^LightGray! ! !Canvas methodsFor: 'private'! setForm: aForm form := aForm. clip := aForm boundingBox. blt := BitBlt destForm: aForm sourceForm: nil halftoneForm: nil combinationRule: 3 destOrigin: 0 @ 0 sourceOrigin: 0 @ 0 extent: 0 @ 0 clipRect: clip! ! !Canvas methodsFor: 'clipping'! clip ^clip! clip: aRectangle "Nothing is drawn outside it, whatever is asked: how the world redraws one rectangle of the screen and no more." clip := aRectangle. blt clipRect: aRectangle! ! !Canvas methodsFor: 'drawing'! fill: aRectangle color: aSymbol "One BitBlt with no source: the rule alone for black (15: ones) and white (0: zeros), a halftone stored (3) for the grays." aSymbol == #black ifTrue: [blt halftoneForm: nil; combinationRule: 15] ifFalse: [aSymbol == #white ifTrue: [blt halftoneForm: nil; combinationRule: 0] ifFalse: [blt halftoneForm: (aSymbol == #gray ifTrue: [Canvas gray] ifFalse: [Canvas lightGray]); combinationRule: 3]]. blt destX: aRectangle left destY: aRectangle top; width: aRectangle width height: aRectangle height. blt copyBits! ! !Morph class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! new ^super new initialize! ! !Morph methodsFor: 'initialize'! initialize bounds := 0 @ 0 corner: 50 @ 40. submorphs := OrderedCollection new. color := #gray! ! !Morph methodsFor: 'accessing'! bounds ^bounds! position ^bounds origin! extent ^bounds extent! color ^color! owner ^owner! submorphs ^submorphs! world "The morph at the top, if it is a world: a morph in nobody's hands and on no screen has none." ^owner == nil ifTrue: [nil] ifFalse: [owner world]! ! !Morph methodsFor: 'changing'! color: aSymbol color := aSymbol. self changed! extent: aPoint self changed. bounds := bounds origin extent: aPoint. self changed! position: aPoint "Move, with all it holds. The place left and the place taken both changed." | delta | delta := aPoint - bounds origin. (delta x = 0 and: [delta y = 0]) ifTrue: [^self]. self changed. self privateMoveBy: delta. self changed! privateMoveBy: delta bounds := bounds translateBy: delta. submorphs do: [:m | m privateMoveBy: delta]! changed "All a morph does about the screen: say where it is no longer right. Its submorphs may stick out of it." self invalidRect: bounds. submorphs do: [:m | m changed]! invalidRect: aRectangle "Up to the world, which keeps it." owner == nil ifFalse: [owner invalidRect: aRectangle]! ! !Morph methodsFor: 'submorphs'! addMorph: aMorph "In front of the others: the first submorph is the frontmost." aMorph delete. submorphs addFirst: aMorph. aMorph privateOwner: self. aMorph changed! delete "Out of its owner, off the screen." owner == nil ifTrue: [^self]. self changed. owner submorphs remove: self. owner := nil! privateOwner: aMorph owner := aMorph! morphAt: aPoint "The frontmost morph there: a submorph before its owner, the first submorph before the others." submorphs do: [:m | | found | found := m morphAt: aPoint. found == nil ifFalse: [^found]]. ^(bounds containsPoint: aPoint) ifTrue: [self] ifFalse: [nil]! ! !Morph methodsFor: 'drawing'! drawOn: aCanvas "What a morph looks like: the one method a new kind of morph writes." aCanvas fill: bounds color: #black. aCanvas fill: (bounds insetBy: 1) color: color! fullDrawOn: aCanvas "Itself, then what it holds, the frontmost last. A morph outside the canvas's clipping rectangle is not drawn at all." (bounds intersects: aCanvas clip) ifTrue: [self drawOn: aCanvas]. submorphs reverseDo: [:m | m fullDrawOn: aCanvas]! ! !Morph methodsFor: 'stepping'! step "Sent every cycle. A morph that does something by itself does it here."! fullStep self step. submorphs do: [:m | m fullStep]! ! !AtomMorph methodsFor: 'initialize'! initialize super initialize. bounds := 0 @ 0 corner: 12 @ 12. velocity := 3 @ 2! ! !AtomMorph methodsFor: 'accessing'! velocity ^velocity! velocity: aPoint velocity := aPoint! ! !AtomMorph methodsFor: 'stepping'! step "Move by the velocity, and turn back at the owner's walls. In the hand, be still." | box p vx vy | (owner isKindOf: HandMorph) ifTrue: [^self]. box := owner bounds. vx := velocity x. vy := velocity y. p := bounds origin + velocity. (p x < box left or: [p x + bounds width > box right]) ifTrue: [vx := vx negated]. (p y < box top or: [p y + bounds height > box bottom]) ifTrue: [vy := vy negated]. velocity := vx @ vy. self position: bounds origin + velocity! ! !HandMorph methodsFor: 'initialize'! initialize super initialize. bounds := 0 @ 0 corner: 8 @ 8. color := #black. wasDown := false! ! !HandMorph methodsFor: 'events'! processEvents "The mouse read once a cycle: the hand goes where it is, with what it carries; the button going down picks up the morph under it, the button going up puts it down, in front." | p down | p := Sensor mousePoint. down := Sensor redButtonPressed. self position: p. (down and: [wasDown not]) ifTrue: [self grab: (owner morphAt: p)]. (down not and: [wasDown]) ifTrue: [self dropAll]. wasDown := down! grab: aMorph (aMorph == nil or: [aMorph == owner]) ifTrue: [^self]. self addMorph: aMorph! dropAll submorphs copy do: [:m | owner addMorph: m]! ! !WorldMorph class methodsFor: 'instance creation'! on: aForm ^self new setForm: aForm! ! !WorldMorph methodsFor: 'initialize'! setForm: aForm bounds := aForm boundingBox. color := #white. canvas := Canvas on: aForm. damage := OrderedCollection new. hand := HandMorph new. hand privateOwner: self. self invalidRect: bounds! ! !WorldMorph methodsFor: 'accessing'! world ^self! hand ^hand! damage ^damage! ! !WorldMorph methodsFor: 'submorphs'! morphAt: aPoint "A morph of the world, never the world itself." | found | found := super morphAt: aPoint. ^found == self ifTrue: [nil] ifFalse: [found]! ! !WorldMorph methodsFor: 'damage'! invalidRect: aRectangle "Remember a rectangle to redraw. Nothing clever here: this is sent twice for every morph that moves." damage add: aRectangle! damageToRedraw "The rectangles to redraw this cycle, and none remembered after. A few (one morph dragged): each of them, and what did not change is not touched. Many (everything moving): the one rectangle that holds them all, drawn once -- going through the morphs for each of a hundred small rectangles costs more than drawing them all." | rects all | rects := damage. damage := OrderedCollection new. rects size <= 8 ifTrue: [^rects]. all := rects first. rects do: [:r | all := all merge: r]. ^OrderedCollection new add: all; yourself! ! !WorldMorph methodsFor: 'stepping'! doOneCycle "The whole of Morphic's main loop." hand processEvents. submorphs copy do: [:m | m fullStep]. self displayWorld! displayWorld "Each damaged rectangle: the background, then every morph, back to front, the hand last -- the canvas clipped to the rectangle, so that what did not change is not touched." self damageToRedraw do: [:r | | clip | clip := r intersect: bounds. canvas clip: clip. canvas fill: clip color: color. submorphs reverseDo: [:m | m fullDrawOn: canvas]. hand fullDrawOn: canvas]! ! !WorldMorph class methodsFor: 'examples'! bouncingAtoms: n "The classic first demo: n atoms in a box. Each cycle moves them all, and redraws only where they were and where they are. (WorldMorph bouncingAtoms: 50) doOneCycle" | world | world := self on: Display. 1 to: n do: [:i | | atom | atom := AtomMorph new. atom color: (#(#black #gray #lightGray) at: i \\ 3 + 1). atom velocity: (i \\ 7 - 3 * 2 + 1) @ (i \\ 5 - 2 * 2 + 1). world addMorph: atom. atom position: (i * 37 \\ (world bounds width - 20)) @ (i * 53 \\ (world bounds height - 20))]. ^world! ! |st}); ]